A Fully On-Chip PT-Invariant Transconductor

A Fully On-Chip PT-Invariant Transconductor This brief presents a novel process and temperature (PT)-invariant transconductor, fabricated and tested in 180-nm CMOS technology. It uses a novel bias circuit for implementing a PT-invariant transconductor using a MOSFET in triode region. Measurements show that the transconductance varies only by ±3.4% across 18 fabricated chips and over temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 100 °C. Simulations show that variation of the transconductance across process corners is ±6.7% and across temperature range of 0 °C to 100 °C is ±1.6%. The proposed PT-invariant transconductor has the minimum variation among the fully on-chip transconductors reported so far. The proposed circuit consumes 136 $mu $ W of power.